I came to Canada on 25th Dec 2022 as an international student, I got a part-time job in Fen 2023. Do I have to file a tax return for the year 2022 in Canada?

Yes, absolutely! As you didn't earn any money in Canada in 2022, you won't have to pay any taxes to the government because your income level is too low. Since you arrived at the end of 2022, I don't think the government will give you anything back.

You need to file just to keep a record by submitting the return. If you don't pay the government what you owe them on time, they will charge you extra money called a penalty. This doesn't apply to you right now (because you don't have to pay the government anything), but remember it for later when you start working and living in Canada.